96TH GENERAL ASSEMBLY
Read 1st time January 12, 2012, and ordered printed.
AN ACT
To amend chapter 191, RSMo, by adding thereto five new sections relating to
the
conscience rights of all individuals who provide medical services.
Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Missouri, as
follows:
Section A. Chapter 191, RSMo, is amended by adding thereto five new
sections, to be known as sections 191.1150, 191.1153, 191.1156, 191.1159,
and
191.1162, to read as follows:
191.1150.
As used in sections 191.1150 to 191.1162, the following terms mean:
(1) "Conscience", the religious, moral, or ethical principles held by a
medical professional or a health care institution. For purposes of sections
191.1150 to 191.1162, a health care institution's conscience shall be
determined by reference to its existing or proposed religious, moral, or
ethical guidelines, mission statement, constitution, bylaws, articles of
incorporation, regulations, or other relevant documents;
(2) "Health care institution", any public or private organization,
corporation, partnership, sole proprietorship, association, agency, network,
joint venture, or other entity that is involved in providing medical
services, including but not limited to, hospitals, clinics, medical centers,
ambulatory surgical centers, private physician's offices, long-term care
facilities, university medical schools and nursing schools, medical training
facilities, or other institutions or locations wherein medical services are
provided to any person;
(3) "Medical professional", any individual who may be asked to
participate in any way in a medical service, including, but not limited to,
the following: a physician, physician's assistant, nurse, nurses' aide,
medical assistant, hospital employee, clinic employee, long-term care
facility employee, counselor, social worker, medical researcher, medical or
nursing school faculty or employee, student or applicant for studies or
training in any program in the health care professions, any professional,
paraprofessional, or any other person who furnishes, or assists in the
furnishing of, medical services;
(4) "Medical service", any phase of patient medical care, treatment, or
procedure, including, but not limited to, the following: patient referral,
counseling, therapy, testing, diagnosis or prognosis, research, instruction,
prescribing, or administering any device, drug, or medication, surgery, or
any other care or treatment rendered by health care professionals or health
care institutions. Such medical services shall include but not be limited
to, abortion, abortion-inducing drugs, contraception, sterilization,
artificial insemination, assisted reproduction, human cloning, human
embryonic stem-cell research, human somatic cell nuclear transfer, fetal
tissue research, fetal experimentation, and the withdrawal of nutrition or
hydration; and
(5) "Participate in a medical service", to counsel, advise, provide,
perform, assist in, refer for, admit for purposes of providing, or
participate in providing any medical service or any form of such service.
191.1153.
1. A medical professional has the right not to participate, and no
medical professional shall be required to participate in a medical service
that violates his or her conscience.
2. No medical professional shall be civilly, criminally, or
administratively liable for declining to participate in a medical service
that violates his or her conscience.
3. It shall be unlawful for any person, medical professional, health care
institution, the state of Missouri, political subdivision, public or private
institution, public official, or any board which certifies competency in
medical specialties to discriminate against any medical professional in any
manner based on his or her declining to participate in a medical service
including but not limited to, declining to counsel, advise, pay for,
provide, perform, assist, or participate in providing or performing medical
services that violates his or her conscience.
4. For purposes of this section, discrimination includes, but is not
limited to, the following: termination, suspension, refusal of staff
privileges, refusal of board certification, demotion, loss of career
specialty, reduction of wages or benefits, refusal to award any grant,
contract, or other program, refusal to provide residency training
opportunities, or any other penalty, disciplinary, or retaliatory action.
191.1156.
1. A health care institution has the right not to participate, and no
health care institution shall be required to participate in a medical
service that violates its conscience.
2. A health care institution that declines to provide or participate in a
medical service that violates its conscience shall not be civilly,
criminally, or administratively liable if the institution provides a consent
form to be signed by a patient before admission to the institution stating
that it reserves the right to decline to provide or participate in medical
services that violate its conscience.
3. It shall be unlawful for any person, the state of Missouri, political
subdivision, public or private institution, or public official to
discriminate against any medical institution, or any person, association,
corporation, or other entity attempting to establish a new
health care institution or operating an existing health care institution, in
any manner, including but not limited to the following:
(1) Any denial, deprivation or disqualification with
respect to licensure;
(2) Any aid assistance, benefit, or privilege,
including staff privileges; or
(3) Any authorization, including authorization to
create, expand, improve, acquire, or affiliate or merge with any health care
institution, because such health care institution, or person, association,
or corporation planning, proposing, or operating a health care institution
declines to participate in a medical service which violates the health care
institution's conscience.
4. It shall be unlawful for any public official, agency, institution, or
entity to deny any form of aid, assistance, grants, or benefits, or in any
other manner to coerce, disqualify, or discriminate against any person,
association, corporation, or other entity attempting to establish a new
health care institution or operating an existing health care institution
because the existing or proposed health care institution declines to
participate in a medical service contrary to the health care institution's
conscience.
191.1159.
1. A cause of action for damages or injunctive relief, or both, may be
brought for the violation of any provision of sections 191.1150 to 191.1162.
It shall not be a defense to any claim arising out of the violation of
sections 191.1150 to 191.1162 that such violation was necessary to prevent
additional burden or expense on any other medical professional, health care
institution, individual, or patient.
2. Any individual, association, corporation, entity, or health care
institution injured by any public or private individual, association,
agency, entity, or corporation by reason of any conduct prohibited by
sections 191.1150 to 191.1162 may commence a civil action. Upon finding a
violation of sections 191.1150 to 191.1162, the aggrieved party shall be
entitled to recover threefold the actual damages, including pain and
suffering, sustained by such individual, association, corporation, entity,
or health care institution, the costs of the action, and reasonable
attorney's fees. In no case shall recovery be less than five thousand
dollars for each violation in addition to costs of the action and reasonable
attorney's fees. These damage remedies shall be cumulative, and not
exclusive of other remedies afforded under any other state or federal law.
3. The court in such civil action may award injunctive relief, including,
but not limited to, ordering reinstatement of a medical professional to his
or her prior employment position.
191.1162.
1. It is the intent of the general assembly that sections 191.1150 to
191.1162 be severable as noted in section 1.140. In the event that any
section, subsection, subdivision, paragraph, sentence, or clause of sections
191.1150 to 191.1162 be declared invalid under the Constitution of the
United States or the Constitution of the State of Missouri, it is the intent
of the general assembly that the remaining provisions of sections 191.1150
to 191.1162 remain in force and effect as far as capable of being carried
into execution as intended by the general assembly.
2. The general assembly may, by concurrent resolution, appoint one or
more of its members who sponsored or co-sponsored this act in his or her
official capacity, to intervene as a matter of right in any case in which
the constitutionality of this law is challenged.